Population of Punjabi Muslim Castes according to the 1901, 1911, 1921 and 1931 Census of India

In this post, I show the number of Muslim castes counted for the Punjab by the four censuses of India, namely the 1901, 1911, 1921 and 1931. The census of Punjab in 1901 listed 153 castes that were wholly or partially Muslims with population over a 100 persons; the lists of 1911 only showed 133, and 1921, it was reduced to 109, and further reduced to 37 for the 1931 Census. This reduction was partly due to a process called as Ashrafization, a term coined by Imtiaz Ahmad, a sociologist at the JNU in Delhi. This process includes groups lower in the caste hierarchy adopting upper-caste Muslim practices to achieve social climbing as well as changing their names. The 1931 census was the last to count to caste on territory that became Pakistan.

The largest caste per percentage and population among the Punjab Muslims were the Jats, and in 1901 made 16% of the total. In every census up to 1931, the Jats remained the largest caste, accounting to 20% in 1931. The top five castes in terms of percentages remained fairly constant over the three decades, with the Rajputs (11% in 1901, 10% in 1911, 10.5% in 1921 and 12% in 1931) forming the next largest group. Among three other castes, Arains remained in third place (8% in 1901, 8% in 1911, 8.5% in 1921 and 9% in 1931), while the Julaha (Ansari) or weavers were in fourth place up to 1921 (5% in 1901, 5% in 1911, 4.5% in 1921 and 4% in 1931). In 1931, the Julaha had fallen to fifth place. The Baluch, who were settled mainly in south-west Punjab were the fifth largest caste up to 1921 (4% in 1901, 4% in 1911, 4% in 1921 and 4% in 1931), then moved up to fourth place in 1931. The next five castes also roughly remained the same. The Gujjars were the sixth largest caste in 1901, 1911 and 1921, and seventh largest group in 1931 (4% in 1901, 4% in 1911, 4% in 1921 and 4% in 1931). While the Awan were the seventh largest group in 1901, 1911 and 1921, and switched places with the Gujjars to become the sixth largest group in 1931 (3.5% in 1901, 3.5% in 1911, 3% in 1921 and 4% in 1931). In eight place were the Mochi (cobblers / leather workers), who kept that position throughout the four censuses (3% in 1901, 3.4% in 1911, 3% in 1921 and 3% in 1931). The ninth largest in 1901 were the Kumhars (potters), who were tenth largest in 1911, 1921 and 1931 (3% in 1901, 3% in 1911, 3% in 1921 and 3% in 1931). In 1901, the Shaikh were the tenth largest caste, but slipped to 11 in 1911, 15 in 1921, and back to 11 in 1931 (3% in 1901, 3% in 1911, 2% in 1921 and 3% in 1931). In ninth place for the rest of the three census years were the Mussali (Muslim Shaikh), who in 1901 stood at 34 (0.5% in 1901, 3% in 1911, 2% in 1921 and 3% in 1931). This drastic change was likely as the results of both conversion by the Hindu Chuhra caste to Islam in the western districts and re designation by the Census of certain castes as Mussali such as the Kutana.

Just a brief note on groups are known as “peripatetic nomads“. These are various itinerant populations who move among densely populated areas to offer specialized services (crafts or trades) to their residents—external consultants, for example. There were several groups among Punjabi Muslims who fell within this category such as the Abdal, Aheri (Thori), Changar, Kangar and Kanjar. None of these were counted in the 1931 Census. There is an excellent account of these communities in Punjab by late American anthropologist Joseph C. Berland, in his book No Five Fingers Are Alike: Cognitive Amplifiers in Social Context.

1901 Census

In 1901, the total population in Punjab was 24,754,737, of which Muslims were 12,183,345 (49%). The Muslim castes with population over 100 were:

	Caste	Population	Percentage of the total Muslim population
1.	Jat	1,962,252	16%
2.	Rajput	1,347,347	11%
3.	Arain	1,005,188	8%
4.	Julaha	592,786	5%
5.	Baluch	467,843	4%
6.	Gujjar	460,410	4%
7.	Awan	421,112	3.5%
8.	Mochi	409,677	3%
9.	Kumhar	359,889	3%
10.	Shaikh	321,408	3%
11.	Teli	318,598	3%
12.	Tarkhan	294,096	2%
13.	Pathan	263,897	2%
14.	Faqir	255,864	2%
15.	Sayyad	244,227	2%
16.	Machi	240,983	2%
17.	Nai	207,822	2%
18.	Lohar	206,371	2%
19.	Kashmiri	193,088	1.5%
20.	Meo	146,652	1%
21.	Jhinwar	142,208	1%
22.	Dhobi	128,487	1%
23.	Qassab (Qasai)	118,644	1%
24.	Khokhar	107,939	0.9%
25.	Khoja (Punjabi Shaikh)	99,238	0.8%
26.	Mughal	98,282	0.8%
27.	Maliar	81,093	0.6%
28.	Dogar	75,080	0.6%
29.	Kamboh	73,878	0.6%
30.	Mallaah	70,223	0.6%
31.	Bharai / Shaikh Sarwari	65,678
32.	Barwala	62,466
33.	Chhimba	60,051
34.	Mussali / Muslim Shaikh	57,410
35.	Qureshi	52,951
36.	Kutana[1]	49,982
37.	Jogi and Rawal	41,030
38.	Kharral	40,296
39.	Changar	39,354
40.	Ulema[2]	34,099
41.	Pachhada	31,117
42.	Darzi	28,969
43.	Sonar (Tank Rajput)	28,565
44.	Gakhar	26,259
45.	Dhund (Abbasi)	23,591
46.	Daudpotra (Abbasi)	20,384
47.	Rangrez[3]	20,160
48.	Lilari	20,027
49.	Penja	19,679
50.	Rawat	17,374
51.	Satti	17,094
52.	Mahtam	15,076
53.	Bhatiara	13,942
54.	Jhabel	13,278
55.	Khatik	11,362
56.	Kahut	10,804
57.	Kakkezai	10,793
58.	Raj	10,486
59.	Chamar	10,332
60.	Kanchan	8,984
61.	Odh	8,583
62.	Janjua	8,361
63.	Maniar	7,907
64.	Kalal (Kalwar)	7,563
65.	Khattar	7,411
66.	Kunjra	6,913
67.	Nat	6,330
68.	Kanera	5,893
69.	Pakhiwara	5,590
70.	Taga / Tyagi	5,214
71.	Paracha	4,564
72.	Khanzada (Jadaun)	3,971
73.	Banjara	3,728
74.	Harni	3,575
75.	Labana	3,531
76.	Ghosi	3,543
77.	Gadi	3,294
78.	Bodla	3,184
79.	Noongar	2,894
80.	Ahir	2,816
81.	Khakha	2,765
82.	Sansi	2,536
83.	Bhat	2,487
84.	Aheri	2,449
85.	Gagra	2,433
86.	Ghulam (Gola)	2,405
87.	Sudhan[4]	2,291
88.	Niaria	2,162
89.	Kathia[5]	2,099
90.	Baddun	1,896
91.	Lilla	1,691
92.	Baghban[6]	1,602
93.	Kehal	1,531
94.	Batwal	1,477
95.	Qalandar	1,449
96.	Bharbhunja	1,385
97.	Thathera	1,374
99.	Perna	1,270
99.	Bhand	1,162
100.	Toba	1,140
101.	Dabgar	1,127
102.	Khumra	1,109
103.	Arab	1,098
104.	Barar[7]	1,025
105.	Kangar	915
106.	Domna[8]	902
107.	Kanjar	889
108.	Garri / Gayri[9]	826
109.	Kayastha[10]	822
110.	Kamangar	783
111.	Kharasia	773
112.	Darugar	728
113.	Marath[11]	689
114.	Gadariya[12]	661
115.	Phaphra	632
116.	Turk	563
117.	Bawaria[13]	468
118.	Dogra[14]	448
119.	Bisati[15]	439
120.	Mohipota / Mohipotra[16]	431
121.	Thori (Nayak)	392
122.	Brahman	386
123.	Patwa	363
124.	Karal[17]	350
125.	Chirimar	341
126.	Sirkiband	330
127.	Tanoli[18]	309
128.	Sahnsar	305
129.	Mali	294
130.	Qizilbash	294
131.	Saiqalgar	280
132.	Lodha / Lodhi[19]	268
133.	Bazigar	254
134.	Bangali	252
135.	Attar[20]	216
136.	Pasi	215
137.	Bhatia[21]	213
138.	Jhojha	202
139.	Sattiar[22]	198
140.	Arora	189
141.	Khushabi	185
142.	Saini	180
143.	Kanet[23]	176
144.	Khatri	161
145.	Hijra[24]	157
146.	Bohra	150
147.	Sapela[25]	149
148.	Gandhila[26]	145
149.	Chanal[27]	139
150.	Kamachi[28]	137
151.	Shorgir[29]	124
152.	Tamboli	123
153.	Cheenigar[30]	101

---

[1] Not counted in any subsequent census. Included with the Mussali. The Kutana were the Muslim sweeper caste of south-west Punjab.

[2] Not counted in any subsequent census.

[3] Included within the Lilari in subsequent census

[4] Not counted in any subsequent census. The Sudhan were very likely included within the Rajput category. They were found mainly in Rawalpindi District.

[5] Not counted in any subsequent census

[6] Not counted in any subsequent census. The Baghban claimed common ancestry with the Arain, and were likely counted as such in subsequent census

[7] Not counted in any subsequent census

[8] Not counted in any subsequent census

[9] Not counted in any subsequent census

[10] Not counted in any subsequent census. The Muslim Kayasth of the Ambala Division were slowly being absorbed in the Shaikh caste, and were probably included in that caste

[11] Not counted in any subsequent census

[12] Not counted in any subsequent census

[13] Not counted in any subsequent census

[14] Not counted in any subsequent census

[15] Not counted in any subsequent census

[16] Not counted in any subsequent census

[17] Not counted in any subsequent census

[18] Not counted in any subsequent census

[19] Not counted in any subsequent census

[20] Not counted in any subsequent census

[21] Not counted in any subsequent census

[22] Not counted in any subsequent census

[23] Not counted in any subsequent census

[24] Not counted in any subsequent census. The Sapela were snake charmers, and were a group of Peripatetics nomads.

[25] Not counted in any subsequent census

[26] Not counted in any subsequent census

[27] Not counted in any subsequent census

[28] Not counted in any subsequent census

[29] Not counted in any subsequent census

[30] Not counted in any subsequent census

1911 Census

According to the 1911, the total population in Punjab was 24,187,750, of which Muslims were 12,215,477 (50.5%). The Muslim castes with population over 100 were:

	Caste	Population	Percentage of the total Muslim population
1.	Jat	2,279,158	19%
2.	Rajput	1,236,330	10%
3.	Arain	976,396	8%
4.	Julaha	567,899	5%
5.	Baluch	532,499	4%
6.	Gujjar	441,264	4%
7.	Awan	425,931	3.5%
8.	Mochi	412,318	3.4%
9.	Mussali (Muslim Shaikh)	393,696	3%
10.	Kumhar	358,843	3%
11.	Shaikh	338,873	3%
12.	Tarkhan	295,960	2%
13.	Teli	292,900	2%
14.	Pathan	292,417	2%
15.	Machi	279,666	2%
16.	Sayyad	247,388	2%
17.	Faqir	232,978	2%
18.	Mirasi	225,245	2%
19.	Nai	207,505	2%
20.	Lohar	203,281	1.5%
21.	Kashmiri	177,695	1.5%
22.	Dhobi	137,756	1%
23.	Meo	130,139	1%
24.	Qassab	119,826	1%
25.	Mughal	98,574	0.8%
26.	Maliar	89,937	0.7%
27.	Jogi	87,946	0.7%
28.	Mallah	71,207	0.6%
29.	Qureshi	70,922	0.6%
30.	Kamboh	68,510	0.6%
31.	Dogar	68,358
32.	Khoja	62,919
33.	Khokhar	59,956
34.	Barwala	58,403
35.	Bharai (Shaikh Sarwari)	58,314
36.	Chhimba	52,279
37.	Changar	40,354
38.	Kharral	34,616
39.	Pachhada	32,425
40.	Lilari	31,081
41.	Sonar	27,445
42.	Gakhar	27,502
43.	Darzi	26,632
44.	Rawal	24,942
45.	Dhund (Abbasi)	24,913
46.	Daudputra (Abbasi)	21,229
47.	Ullema	21,003
48.	Satti	19,306
49.	Meun	19,002
50.	Kakkezai	16,445
51.	Khattar	14,817
52.	Mahtam	14,237
53.	Jhabel	14,046
54.	Penja	12,452
55.	Odh	11,681
56.	Khatik	10,678
57.	Kahut[1]	10,559
58.	Raj (Mistry)	8,406
59.	Bhatiara	7,930
60.	Kalal (Kalwar)	6,418
61.	Kanchan[2]	5,790
62.	Tyagi (Tagah)	5,394
63.	Bazigar	4,724
64.	Kunjra	4,425
65.	Pakhiwas[3]	4,167
66.	Chishti	4,154
67.	Gadi	4,068
68.	Paracha	3,844
69.	Ghulam (Gola)	3,865
70.	Labana	3,719
71.	Maniar	3,714
72.	Banjara	3,595
73.	Janjua[4]	3,570
74.	Harni	3,380
75.	Khanzada	3,662
76.	Bodla	2,912
77.	Sansi	2,848
78.	Kanera	2,774
79.	Ghosi	2,635
80.	Ahir	2,626
81.	Qalandar	2,604
82.	Nat	2,409
83.	Perna[5]	2,152
84.	Niaria	2,062
85.	Gagra	1,996
86.	Mujawar (Makhdum)	1,918
87.	Kehal	1,886
88.	Aheri	1,824
89.	Lilla[6]	1,744
90.	Kamangar	1,683
91.	Baddun	1,630
92.	Bhat	1,524
93.	Bharbhunja	1,217
94.	Churigar	1,139
95	Kanjar	1,052
96.	Miana (Miyana)	1,023
97.	Arab	969
98.	Thathiar (Thathera)	882
99.	Kangar	875
100.	Noongar[7]	817
101.	Beldar	798
102.	Bhand	768
103.	Dabgar[8]	676
104.	Chamar	658
105.	Batwal[9]	653
106.	Toba[10]	569
107.	Khumra	564
108.	Darugar[11]	555
109.	Turk	531
110.	Saiqalgar	517
111.	Sikriband[12]	502
112.	Mali	499
113.	Abdal	467
114.	Rababi	456
115.	Saini	400
116.	Thori (Nayak)[13]	378
117.	Gara	369
118.	Bhojki[14]	360
119.	Brahmin	324
120.	Kharasia[15]	313
121.	Meena[16]	312
122.	Dom (Domra)[17]	312
123.	Arora[18]	286
124.	Gadaria[19]	273
125.	Khushabi[20]	272
126.	Phaphra[21]	245
127.	Pasi[22]	237
128.	Sahnsar[23]	233
129.	Khatri[24]	232
130.	Tamboli[25]	230
131.	Qizilbash[26]	219
132.	Patwa[27]	200
133.	Padha (Upadhya)	136

---

[1] Not counted in subsequent census. The Kahut claimed to be Qureshi, and were likely included in the Qureshi in subsequent census

[2] Not counted in subsequent census. Likely included in the Kanjar in the subsequent census.

[3] Only counted for the 1911 Census. Pakhiwas is a term that covers several Peripatetics nomads such as the Abdal, Bazigar, Kangar and Qalandar etc.

[4] Not counted in future census. The Janjua claim to be Rajput and were likely included in the Rajput.

[5] Not counted in any future census

[6] Not counted in any subsequent census. Lila claimed to be Qureshi and were likely counted as such.

[7] Not counted in any subsequent census

[8] Not counted in any subsequent census

[9] Not counted in any subsequent census

[10] Not counted in any subsequent census

[11] Not counted in any subsequent census

[12] Only counted in the 1911 Census

[13] Not counted in subsequent census

[14] Only counted in the 1911 Census. A sub community of Brahmins, very likely absorbed into the Shaikh category

[15] Not counted in subsequent census

[16] Only counted for the 1911census. Likely included in the Meo or Mewati caste, who are partly of Meena ancestry

[17] Not counted in subsequent census

[18] Not counted in subsequent census. Most Muslim Arora were likely included among the Khoja, a Muslim caste which was partly Khatri and partly Arora.

[19] Only counted in 1911 Census.

[20] Not counted in subsequent censuses.

[21] Claim to be a Mughal clan, likely included within the Mughals in the subsequent census.

[22] Not counted for any subsequent census. Pasi are found mainly in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, where some are Muslim.

[23] Not counted for any subsequent census

[24] Not counted for any subsequent census, like most Muslim Khatri would have registered themselves as Khoja.

[25] Not counted for any subsequent census

[26] Not counted for any subsequent census

[27] Not counted for any subsequent census

1921 Census

According to the 1921, the total population in Punjab was 25,101,060, of which Muslims were 12,813,383 (51%). The Muslim castes with population over 2,000 were:

	Caste	Population	Percentage of the total Muslim population
1.	Jat	2,584,125	20%
2.	Rajput	1,342,760	10.5%
3.	Arain	1,088,697	8.5%
4.	Julaha	582,638	4.5%
5.	Baluch	531,381	4%
6.	Gujar	466,102	4%
7.	Awan	440,130	3%
8.	Mochi	428,366	3%
9.	Mussali / Muslim Shaikh	374,884	3%
10.	Kumhar	385,768	3%
11.	Tarkhan	313,241	2.5%
12.	Teli	311,337	2.4%
13.	Machhi	279,272	2%
14.	Pathan	267,175	2%
15.	Shaikh	256,971	2%
16.	Sayyad	249,579	2%
17.	Faqir	238,635	2%
18.	Mirasi	227,335	2%
19.	Lohar	218,779	1.5%
20.	Nai	218,612	1.5%
21.	Kashmiri	169,551	1%
22.	Dhobi	151,311	1%
23.	Qassab	122,232	1%
24.	Meo	114,317	1%
25.	Qureshi	97,625	0.8%
26.	Jhinwar	94,019	0.7%
27.	Mughal	88.951	0.7%
28.	Khoja (Punjabi Shaikh)[1]	87,461	0.7%
29.	Kamboh	81,482	0.6%
30.	Dogar[2]	73,994	0.6%
31.	Khokhar[3]	69,164
32.	Bharai (Shaikh Sarwari)[4]	61,390
33.	Barwala[5]	59,475
34.	Chhimba	47,614
35.	Changar[6]	37,403
36.	Lilgar (Lilari / Nilari)[7]	30,051
37.	Sonar	30,011
38.	Dhund (Abbasi)[8]	29,595
39.	Darzi	28,491
40.	Jogi[9]	29,292
41.	Gakhar[10]	27,170
42.	Kakkezai[11]	21,664
43.	Khatik[12]	20,565
44.	Daudputra (Abbasi)[13]	19,540
45.	Ullema[14]	16,508
46.	Satti[15]	15,346
47.	Meun[16]	14,421
48.	Mahtam	11,841
49.	Penja[17]	11,824
50.	Rawal[18]	10,696
51.	Odh	10,219
52.	Raj (Mistry)[19]	7,723
53.	Pachhada[20]	6,064
54.	Kalwar[21]	5,731
55.	Mujawar (Makhdum)[22]	5,267
56.	Khattar[23]	4,993
57.	Bazigar[24]	4,925
58.	Kanjar[25]	5,613
59.	Tyagi (Tagah)[26]	5,270
60.	Kunjra[27]	4,773
61.	Chishti[28]	4,748
62.	Bhatiara[29]	4,624
63.	Labana[30]	4,062
64.	Harni	3,747
65.	Gadi / Gadri[31]	3,630
66.	Pakhiwara	3,591
67.	Bodla[32]	3,360
68.	Nat[33]	3,184
69.	Noongar (Noniya / Luniya)[34]	2,690
70.	Ahir	2,049
71.	Banjara[35]	2,969
72.	Khanzada[36]	2,906
73.	Miana[37]	2,831
74.	Paracha[38]	2,631
75.	Ghulam (Gola)[39]	2,365
76.	Qalandar[40]	2,215
77.	Chamar	2,105
78.	Aheri[41]	2,062
79.	Kamangar[42]	2,015
80.	Beldar[43]	1,965
81.	Kharral[44]	1,962
82.	Ghai[45]	1,866
83.	Gagra[46]	1,547
84.	Thathiar (Thathera)[47]	1,528
85.	Churigar[48]	1,518
86.	Niaria[49]	1,402
87.	Saini[50]	1,323
88.	Bharbhunja[51]	1,235
89.	Sansi[52]	1,235
90.	Bhat[53]	1,206
91.	Khakha[54]	1,150
92.	Chirimar[55]	1,017
93.	Arab[56]	1,080
94.	Bhand[57]	1,045
95.	Baddun[58]	1,014
96.	Kangar[59]	855
97.	Rawat[60]	791
98.	Khumra[61]	710
99.	Gara (Garha)[62]	673
100.	Turk[63]	560
101.	Abdal[64]	551
102.	Rababi[65]	468
103.	Bangali[66]	433
104.	Saiqalgar[67]	390
105.	Sirkiband[68]	313
106.	Jhojha[69]	299
107.	Padha (Upadhya)[70]	260
108.	Brahmin[71]	203
109.	Bohra[72]	202

---

[1] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Please read my post on the Khoja.

[2] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Please read my post on the Dogar.

[3] Not counted in the 1931 Census. The Khokhars claimed to be Rajputs, so were likely included in that category for the 1931 census.

[4] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Please read my post on the Bharai.

[5] Not counted in the 1931 Census. This is the caste from which village watchmen were recruited.

[6] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[7] Not in the 1931 Census. The Lilari were dyers of clothes and claimed to be Shaikhs. Very likely included in the Shaikh category in the 1931 Census.

[8] Not in the 1931 Census. The Dhund were found in Rawalpindi District and claimed to be Abbasi.

[9] Not in the 1931 Census. Traditionally labourers, and claimed a connection with Hindu Jogi orders.

[10] Not in the 1931 Census.

[11] Not counted in the 1931 Census. See my note on the Kalwar.

[12] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Please read my post on the Khatiks.

[13] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Very likely included in the Qureshi caste in the 1931 census. The rulers of Bahawalpur State belonged to this caste.

[14] Not counted in the 1931 Census.

[15] Not counted in the 1931 Census. The Satti were found in Rawalpindi District, and claimed to be Rajputs.

[16] Not in the 1931 Census. The Meun were related to the Machhi and were probably counted as such in the 1931 census.

[17] Not counted in the 1931 Census.

[18] Not in the 1931 Census. Please read my post on the Rawal.

[19] Not counted in the 1931 Census.

[20] Not counted in the 1931 Census. All Pacchada claim to be Rajputs, and were found in Hissar District.

[21] Not counted in the 1931 Census. The Kakkezai name was being slowly adopted by the Kalwar, those who called themselves Kalwars in 1921 were likely to be living in the rural areas.

[22] Not in the 1931 Census. Most Makhdum families claimed to be Qureshi, so likely included in the Qureshi category in the 1931.

[23] Not in the 1931 Census. Claimed to be Alavi, so likely included in the Shaikh category in the 1931 census.

[24] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another group of peripatetic nomads

[25] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[26] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another Muslim group that claimed Brahmin ancestry.

[27] Not counted in the 1931 Census. A caste involved in the sale of vegetables, so may have been included within the Arain.

[28] Only counted in the 1911 and 1921 census. Claimed to be Farooqi Qureshi, so likely included in the Qureshi category.

[29] Not counted in the 1931 Census.

[30] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Found mainly in Hissar and Rohtak districts. Their place in the Haryanvi speaking districts was taken by the Banjara. Traditionally associated with the salt trade, but most Labana were farmers.

[31] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Mainly found in Haryana. The much larger community is found in western Uttar Pradesh

[32] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Claimed to be Shaikh Siddiqui, and were probably included in the Qureshi category

[33] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[34] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Traditional manufacturers of salt, as opposed to the Banjara and Labana who were salt traders.

[35] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Found mainly in Hissar and Rohtak districts. Their place in the Punjabi speaking districts was taken by the Labana. Traditionally associated with the salt trade.

[36] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Found mainly in Gurgaon District and claimed to be Rajput.

[37] Only counted in the 1911 and 1921. Claimed to be Qureshi, were likely counted as Qureshi in 1931

[38] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Found mainly in the North-West of mixed Arora and Khatri ancestry. Probably included among the Shaikhs.

[39] Not counted in the 1931 Census. A caste found in the Baluch inhabited south-west of Punjab, likely absorbed into the Baluch. Generally descended from prisoners of war.

[40] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[41] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[42] Not counted in the 1931 census. A sub-group with the Lohars, some claimed an Afghan origin.

[43] Only counted for the 1911 and 1921 Census. Were masons and brick makers, and claimed to be Rajputs

[44] Not counted in the 1931 Census. The Kharrals claim to be Panwar Rajputs, and wereprobably added within the Rajputs for the 1931 Census

[45] Only counted in the 1921 Census

[46] Not counted in the 1931 Census.

[47] Not counted in the 1931 Census. They were manufacturers of brass pots who claimed to be Rajputs.

[48] Not counted in the 1931 Census. They were bangle manufacturers who claimed to be Rajputs.

[49] Not counted in the 1931 Census.

[50] Not counted in the 1931 Census. May have been reclassified as Jats, with whom they shared many cultural practices.

[51] Not counted in the 1931 Census. The Bharbhunja were grain merchants, very likely absorbed in the Shaikh category.

[52] Not counted in the 1931 Census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[53] Not counted in the 1931 Census. They claimed to be Brahmins and were the genealogists of some Rajput clans.

[54] Not counted in the 1931 census. Migrants from the Uri region of Kashmir.

[55] Only counted in the 1901 and 1921 census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[56] Not counted in subsequent census. May include Arab migrants, but majority were a tribe of Jat status found in Multan and Bahawalpur

[57] Not counted in subsequent census. Another group of peripatetic nomads.

[58] A semi-nomadic tribe, involved in cattle rearing.

[59] Not counted in the 1931 Census. A group of peripatetic nomads

[60] Only counted in 1901 and 1921. A group closely connected to the Rajputs

[61] Not counted in the 1931 Census.

[62] Only counted for the 1911 and 1921 Census. They are found in much larger numbers in Uttar Pradesh and claim to be Gaur Brahmins. In Punjab, they were found mainly in what is now Haryana.

[63] Not counted in subsequent census

[64] Only counted in the 1911 and 1921 Census. They were a community of peripatetic nomads

[65] Only counted in the 1901 and 1921 census. They were a sub-group within the Mirasi caste

[66] Only counted for 1901 and 1921 Census. They were peripatetic nomads and have no connection with Bengal. They claimed to be Pathans, and maybe connected with the Afghan Powinda.

[67] Not counted in the 1931 Census. The Saiqalgar were a sub-group of Lohars, and claimed to be Mughals

[68] Only counted for 1901 and 1921 Census.

[69] Only counted for 1901 and 1921 Census. They were found mainly in Karnal and eastern Ambala, and closely connected to much larger Jhojha caste of western Uttar Pradesh

[70] Only counted for the 1911 and 1921 censuses. A sub-group of Muslim Brahmins, likely absorbed into the Shaikh caste

[71] Only counted for 1911 and 1921 census.

[72] Only counted for 1901 and 1921 Census. The Bohra are a community of Muslims from Gujarat, those listed here were likely immigrants

1931 Census

The number of castes for this Table has been reduced to fifty-six from 109.

According to the 1931, the total population in Punjab was 28,490,857, of which Muslims were 14,929,896 (52%). The Muslim castes with population over 1,500 were:

	Caste	Population	Percentage of the total Muslim population
1.	Jat	2,941,395	20%
2.	Rajput	1,721,334	12%
3.	Arain	1,330,057	10%
4.	Baluch	624,695	4%
5.	Julaha	612,579	4%
6.	Awan	539,242	4%
7.	Gujar	521,347	4%
8.	Mochi	464,218	3%
9.	Mussali / Muslim Shaikh	434,644	3%
10.	Kumhar	423,617	3%
11.	Shaikh	414,623	3%
12.	Pathan	350,008	2%
13.	Tarkhan	346,948	2%
14.	Teli	344,927	2%
15.	Machhi	314,862	2%
16.	Sayyad	294,223	2%
17.	Faqir	256,533	1.5%
18.	Mirasi	243,330	1.5%
19.	Lohar	241,972	1.5%
20.	Nai	236,106	1.5%
21.	Kashmiri	201,885	1%
22.	Dhobi	162.224	1%
23.	Meo	133,089	1%
24.	Qassab	127,198	1%
25.	Kamboh	100,081	0.7%
26.	Jhinwar	95,940	0.7%
27.	Chhimba	53,412	0.4%
28.	Sonar	34,508	0.2%
29.	Darzi	32,234	0.2%
30.	Kahar	17,152	0.1%
31.	Mahtam	13,413
32.	Mali	13,300
33.	Odh	13,041
34.	Pakhiwara	4,540
35.	Harni	3,928
36.	Ahir	2,518
37.	Chamar	2,105
38.	Ghosi	1,949